Introduction

Biodiversity is critical in any self-sustaining environment. Complex and diverse ecological systems are made up of many organisms and a huge variety of interactions. Simple ecosystems have few organisms, few interactions, and are often fragile. All ecosystems, whether diverse or sparse, involve an intimate interaction of living things with their abiotic environment. Biodiversity implies variety, and variety in an ecosystem often ensures a greater chance of survival in a changing world.

The Earth is losing its biodiversity at a worrisome rate. Humans simplify ecosystems for many reasons: to increase the agricultural base, to make way for cities and industrial zones, or for aesthetic reasons, such as making lawns and gardens. This practice has direct effects upon many abiotic factors within an environment. The air temperatures found in cities, for instance, are usually significantly higher than that in surrounding, non-urbanized areas. Such cities are said to produceheat islands. An area’s biodiversity has profound effects upon the physical and biological makeup of an ecosystem.

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